Exercises › Legs › Back squat
Exercise · Quads, glutes

Barbell back squat

The back squat is the king of leg exercises for a reason: it trains the quads, glutes and core together with a load nothing else matches. It also rewards good setup more than any other lift.

Short answer

Put the bar on your upper back, feet about shoulder width and toes slightly out. Brace, then sit down between your heels with your knees tracking over your toes until your hip crease is at or below your knees. Drive back up. 3 to 5 sets of 5 to 8 reps.

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Main musclesQuads, glutes
Also worksAdductors, hamstrings, lower back, core
EquipmentBarbell, squat rack
LevelIntermediate

How to do it

1
Set the bar on your upper back. Bar on the meaty part of your traps, hands just outside your shoulders, elbows down.
2
Unrack and step back. Two or three steps, feet about shoulder width, toes turned out 15 to 30 degrees.
3
Brace. Big breath into your stomach, tighten your core like you are about to be pushed.
4
Sit down. Hips and knees bend together, knees track over your toes, chest stays up.
5
Drive up. At or below parallel, push the floor away and stand up, keeping the chest up.

What it should feel like

Quads and glutes working, your whole torso braced. Knees and lower back should feel stable, not strained.

Common mistakes

Variations

Barbell front squat

Bar on the front of the shoulders for more quads and an upright torso.

Bulgarian split squat

One leg at a time with lighter weights.

Hack squat

Machine squat that lets you push the quads hard.

Sets, reps and programming

GoalSets × repsEffortRest
Muscle3–4 × 8–121–3 reps in reserve90–120 s
Strength3–5 × 4–82–3 reps in reserve2–3 min
Learning it2–3 × 10–12, lightSmooth reps, 2–3 s down60–90 s

Set the safety pins in the rack just below your bottom position. Add 5 to 10 lb (2.5 to 5 kg) when you hit your reps on every set. The simplest rule that works: add reps inside the range first, and once every set hits the top of the range, add weight next session. GymAdapt does this for you from the sets you log, and tells you why the target changed.

Questions people ask

How deep should I squat?

To at least parallel (hip crease level with the top of the knee) for most people, as deep as you can with a neutral back.

Should my knees go past my toes?

They can. Knees travelling forward over the toes is normal in a squat; what matters is that they track in line with the toes.

High bar or low bar squat?

High bar is more upright and quad-focused; low bar lets you lift more with more hip involvement. Both work.

How many sets and reps for squats?

3 to 5 sets of 5 to 8 reps for strength, 3 to 4 sets of 8 to 12 for muscle.

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About this page. General training information, not medical advice. If an exercise causes sharp or lasting pain, stop and get it checked. GymAdapt is our app.